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phi phenomenon
The phi phenomenon is the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion. Max Wertheimer defined this phenomenon in 1912. The phi phenomenon and persistence of vision together formed the foundation of Hugo Münsterberg's theory of film and are part of the process of motion perception.
The phi phenomenon is similar to beta movement in that both cause sensation of movement. However, the phi phenomenon is an apparent movement caused by luminous impulses in sequence, whereas beta movement is an apparent movement caused by luminous stationary impulses.〔Steinman, R. M., Z. Pizlo, and F. J. Pizlo (2000). ''(Phi is not beta, and why Wertheimer's discovery launched the Gestalt revolution: a minireview )''. Vision Research.〕
==Persistence of vision==
Persistence of vision, which is popularly taught as the reason for motion illusion, is in reality merely the reason that the black spaces that come between each "real" movie frame are not perceived, which makes the phi phenomenon the true reason for motion illusion in cinema and animation, including the phenakistoscope, zoetrope, and others.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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